080129_Africentric_1217.pdf (application/pdf Object)TORONTO DISTRICT SCHOOL BOARD
IMPROVING SUCCESS FOR BLACK STUDENTS
Special Meeting 29 January 2008
RECOMMENDATION
IT IS RECOMMENDED:
1. That a Program Area Review Team (PART) be established in
February 2008 to recommend the program and operational
model for an Africentric Alternative School opening in September
2009, including grade levels, selection of site, and staffing
and support services required, and that the PART report to
the Board with its recommendations by May 2008;
2. That a three-year pilot program be established in three existing
schools beginning in September 2008, to implement a model
for integrating the histories, cultures, experiences and contributions
of people of African descent and other racialized groups
into the curriculum, teaching methodologies, and social environment
of the schools;
3. That a Staff Development, Research, and Innovation Centre be
established beginning in September 2008, in collaboration with
post-secondary institutions and community agencies, in order
to develop, use and assess the effectiveness of best practices
for improving school achievement for marginalized and vulnerable
students who are not achieving success in school; and
4. That the Director report to the Board in April 2008 on an action
plan for addressing student underachievement for marginalized
and vulnerable students, based on proposals received
from community stakeholders and on current system plans.
RATIONALE
Background
On 27 June 2007, in response to a community request for an Africentric
Alternative School, the Board decided that staff present a
report on the feasibility of an Africentric Alternative School. Staff
undertook the usual consultative process with community and staff
stakeholders under the terms of the Board’s Alternative Schools
Policy and Procedures.
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January 29, 2008 Agenda Item 5.1
The request for an Africentric Alternative School arises from
community concerns about low achievement and disengagement of
Black students in schools. Staff also received extensive input at
two system-wide community forums on 1 and 8 December 2007.
At these forums about 100 speakers – parents, community members,
youth groups, community organization representatives,
teachers, principals, and interested individuals, presented their
proposals for Black student success to a panel of trustees and senior
staff.
A summary of the key proposals are listed in Appendix A.
This report presents four recommendations and rationale.
Program Area Review Team Process for Africentric Alternative
School
This recommendation responds to the specific community request
for such a school. Staff conducted literature reviews to provide
background information on Africentric schools. As in any other
school, the success of an Africentric Alternative School depends
on the expertise of the school leadership, high quality instruction,
high expectations for students, a culture of caring, parental engagement
and support, as well as an inclusive curriculum that positively
reflects the identities, backgrounds and experiences of all
the students in the school.
An Africentric Alternative School is not a school for Black students
only. It is open to any student in the TDSB who chooses to
attend.
The TDSB defines an Africentric Alternative School as
follows:
An Africentric Alternative School is a school open to all students, which uses the sources of knowledge and experiences of peoples of African descent as an integral feature of the teaching and learning environment. A planning process for the Africentric Alternative School will begin immediately with the establishment of a PART in February 2008.
This process and timeline is recommended because of the need to ensure that the following key components of the program and operational delivery model are carefully considered with the input of the community:
• The grade levels of the school (i.e. elementary, middle or secondary
grades) and the number of classes per grade;
• A suitable and accessible school site;
• The school philosophy, pedagogy, and program focus require
community input;
• An Africentric curriculum for the appropriate grade(s) once the
grades have been determined;
• The nature of the staffing and support services required;
• The expectations for parent involvement and support; and
• Staff training on the model in order to ensure the required level
of expertise.
Following a determination of the above components, a survey of parents will have to be conducted to determine intent to enroll.
This survey will require information about the grade levels of the school, selected site, program description and other necessary details
in order for an informed parental choice to be made.
It is understood that the opening of any alternative school in the TDSB is contingent upon a commitment to enroll formally expressed
by a sufficient number of students required to operate a viable program, as recommended by the PART. Community members have emphasized during the consultation
forums that the Africentric Alternative School must be set up for success. Opening the school in September 2009, will provide greater scope for careful planning and execution of the key components so as not to place the viability and sustainability of the Africentric Alternative School at risk.
Pilot Programs in Three SchoolsA key equity goal for the Board is to ensure that every school positively reflects the diversity of its community, in terms of school philosophy, instruction, student support and overall socio-cultural environment. Some racialized communities, in particular the Black community, have persistently expressed concerns that their child’s school falls far short of that goal.
Data from the recent TDSB Student Census shows that a vast majority of students say that learning about their own racial and cultural background will make school more interesting and enjoyable for them and about half of all students say that this will help them to do better in school.
Other TDSB student data shows that students from the Caribbean, East and West Africa who are predominantly Black have the highest rates of school failure. About 40% of Black students do not graduate from high school. The rigorous implementation of inclusive school practices within an inclusive school philosophy is essential to reversing this persistent pattern of school failure for Black students and other racialized groups. All schools will benefit by access to proven exemplary practices, resulting from schools which model these inclusive approaches to teaching and learning.
This report therefore recommends that a three-year pilot project in three schools (K - 6, middle, secondary) with a significant population of Black students would provide a mechanism for identifying high-impact best practices. Integrating an Africentric approach along with other approaches which centres the experience of other
groups positively within the whole school environment will be the focus of these pilots. Additional resources will be needed to support this initiative. Existing African-centred curriculum units developed with the TDSB and from external sources will be adapted and enhanced to support these pilots. Staff and community expertise will support these pilots. There is potential interest among several schools to participate in this opportunity. Centre for Staff Development, Research and Innovation Initiatives proposed in this report will require the use of action research to gather data, track progress, use and test best practices, which have an impact on all students, in particular marginalized
and vulnerable students. The support of external expert partners in this research will be an important resource for this initiative.
Phase I will begin in 2008 through a partnership with York University, Faculty of Education, through the concept of a Centre for Research, Staff Development and Innovation. Discussions have already taken place with York University regarding the research model to be used. Initiatives to improve achievement of Black students and other racialized groups will benefit from this research. Other post-secondary institutions have indicated an interest in similar partnerships to support marginalized and vulnerable students.
Action Plan for Improving Black Student AchievementMany proposals for improving the achievement of Black students have recently been made by community members, educators and experts. Staff have not yet had an opportunity to consider the proposals received at the 1 and 8 December 2007 community forums. Other proposals and strategies arising from reports such as the School
Community Safety Advisory Panel Report and from other staff and community discussions regarding Black student achievement will be considered in developing an action plan.
This report recommends that the Director report to the Board with an action plan based on these proposals, for short and long term response, with implementation beginning in 2008-09.
COST AND FUNDING SOURCE$350,000.00 Development Process for Africentric Alternative School - $450,000.00 Pilot Programs in Three Schools ($150,000 per school) - $15,000.00 Centre for Staff Development, Research and Innovation - $5,000.00 Development of Action Plan $820,000.00 Total
IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW• PART process to begin as soon as possible;
• Lead principal to be hired for September 2008;
• Consultation with Superintendents of Education to identify interested pilot schools, and their readiness to participate;
• Development of Action Research model in consultation with York University;
• Formation of a Committee to begin review of community and staff proposals and to set priorities;
• Executive Planning and Priorities Committee will monitor, review, and report progress to the Board.
APPENDICES Appendix A:Black Community Education Forums (1 and 8 December 2007):
Summary of Key Proposals FROM Christopher Usih, System Superintendent, Learning to 18, Programs
& Partnerships
KEY COMMUNITY PROPOSALS INCLUSIVE CURRICULUM• Teach all students about how race, class and gender impact their lives, and provide
curriculum resources and teacher training to support this teaching;
• Ensure that history of Canada taught in TDSB schools is inclusive of the
histories of people of African descent and all other groups which make up this country
including the perspectives of all groups impacted by events in Canadian history;
• Implement a mandatory curriculum unit on the history and experiences of people of
African descent as well as Aboriginal peoples in the curriculum for all students at
middle and secondary schools;
• Establish a diversity education program in each school using community resources
so that all students can learn about each other and develop intercultural understanding;
• Invest substantially in literature, film, documents, and aids that depict legitimately the
experiences of people with whom the diverse community of students can identify;
• Use African-centred references and content in visual and performing arts and sports
at all levels of instruction including the teaching of rap, gospel, and jazz;
• Teach historic facts about wealth creation, entrepreneurship, science and academia
of people of African descent in order to change current societal emphasis on Black
role models in sports and entertainment;
• Provide opportunities for all students to learn world history early enough so that they
understand why people from different geographical regions have different experiences,
characteristics and values;
• Integrate the teaching of African history, cultures and achievements through the
school year, not just in African History Month;
• Establish a position of Central Principal for Black Studies similar to the existing position
of Central Principal for Aboriginal Studies.
PROGRAM INITIATIVES• Require each school to identify equity targets for the School Improvement Plan;
• Restructure Grade 9 courses to run in split classes, applied and academic together;
teachers will deliver the academic curriculum and allow for a differentiated assessment;
• Make co-op opportunities more accessible to youth of schools in marginalized communities;
• Provide more job shadowing programs for youth in high need communities;
• Develop Eco Schools Program in inner city communities;
• Build partnership projects between schools in disadvantaged communities and cultural
institutions such as the ROM, the Toronto Art Gallery and the Ontario Science
Centre to bring greater learning involvement of the youth with these institutions;
• Undertake an aggressive program to teach inner city youth how to use new technologies
to support learning;
• Use technology and Africentric software to aid in teaching a more culturally relevant
curriculum;
• Provide permanent funding to support the stability, quality and expansion of the existing
Black Heritage International Language Program;
• Extend learning opportunities to include summer programs for children and youth;
• Organize specialty summer camps for marginalized students to include nontraditional
summer activities such as archery, horseback riding, wilderness survival
and other activities that will expose students to a wider range of experiences;
• Provide employment opportunities for students in disadvantaged communities to
work for the TDSB in the summer.
STUDENT SUPPORT• Transform the role of guidance counsellors to provide a focus on guidance to students
struggling with challenges who need culturally sensitive support to make more
informed choices in their academic and social lives;
• Restore and expand the community support workers, youth outreach workers, attendance
counsellors, and social work positions which have been cut by the Harris
government;
• Establish a Black male mentorship program in high need areas;
• Establish a TDSB job category of Youth Mentors;
• Provide in-school one-on-one tutoring for students struggling with their academic
challenges;
• Schedule intervention style group meetings with the student at-risk with more than
one teacher, parent/guardian;
• Replicate the “Promoting Excellence Program” which has a 98% success rate in the
Jane/Finch area;
• Utilize ‘Future Aces Program’ which provides student leadership opportunities;
• Offer Pathways to Education (Regent Park model) in all inner city communities of TDSB.
VALUES• Create a board-wide initiative where every school would be required to adopt a
charitable project around which they would use character-building values;
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• Implement an integrated approach to character development across all programs in
the school;
• Teach children good manners; teach them the importance of a smile (the promoters
of rap music have taught children to wear a sullen and hostile look);
• Encourage children not to copy the tough gangster look that America has sold to
Black youth.
SCHOOL CLIMATE• Ensure that each school set a goal of building a trusting relationship between all staff
and students and work hard to create an environment in which all students feel safe;
• Ensure that teachers get to know each student personally; know their names, know
their goals, know the issues and stresses that they are experiencing in their personal
lives and actively support them in dealing with their challenges;
• Build the school program in disadvantaged communities around improving students’
self esteem by focusing on what they do well, by expanding their view of what is
achievable, and by instilling the confidence to strive for something positive;
• Provide support for those students whose learning styles that may be considered
different, while making learning challenging and fun by developing their creativity
and thinking skills;
• Create opportunities for groups of students in middle and secondary schools to
come together to discuss issues; organize student workshops and discussion groups
on topics and issues they are dealing with in their lives;
• Create many opportunities for Black students and other racialized groups to participate
in leadership responsibilities in the school.
STUDENT DISCIPLINE• Get students to commit to taking responsibility for their part in building respect for
each other and for adults in the school;
• Establish a better balance between punishment and conflict resolution, peer mediation,
prevention, human rights protection, and equity;
• Use in-school suspensions where suspensions are warranted, and ensure that supports
are provided for suspended students;
• Link students who are having behaviour challenges with a mentor/advisor prior to
suspensions;
• Promote the use of school uniforms for all schools.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT• Train all elementary and middle school teachers in the use of African-based content
in delivering literacy and numeracy programs;
• Provide intensive training for principals, teachers, guidance counsellors and support
staff in equity issues including anti-racism and gender equity awareness and strategies,
stereotyping, racial profiling, cross cultural differences, and understanding the
immigrant and refugee experience;
• Provide pre-service education for all teachers in the college programs to learn about
the realities of dealing with Black students and other racialized student groups;
• Develop an Africentric Leadership Institute for principals, teachers, and students so
they understand the needs of the community, similar to the model in Nova Scotia;
PERSONNEL ISSUES• Recruit teachers who have a passion to teach children and who can communicate
high expectations for all students and who can build trust with students;
• Recruit teachers who understand how to use mainstream hip-hop culture as a context
for motivating and teaching Black students;
• Include demonstrated evidence of inclusive instruction as part of a teacher performance
appraisal programs;
• Principal transfer approvals should consider the candidate’s record in equitable
school practices and community engagement;
• Principals with experience in working progressively with Black students and parents
should be placed in schools with predominantly Black populations;
• Establish a teacher compensation policy which includes factors related to teacher
effectiveness and student achievement data.
ADVOCACY AND ADVISORY STRUCTURES• Establish a Black community committee of advisers to work with the TDSB on how
to move forward on Black students achievement issues;
• Develop a council in African Canadian Educators to work specifically with the Ministry
of Education to ensure the needs of Black students are being met;
• Establish a committee of Black educators, parents, students, members of the community
and the clergy to work with the Board to organize, implement, and administer
the Black focused schools;
• Organize a support group of community and professional organizations to act as
youth advocates for students;
• Organize an annual Black Community Education Summit funded by the TDSB.
PARENT AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT• Create strong home-school connections with Black parents, providing opportunities
for families to come together to support student learning;
• Ensure that principals and school council leaders have strategies for identifying and
eliminating any barriers to the involvement of Black parents and other racialized
groups in the school and in the school council;
• Organize events at school that are of interest to parents who are not actively involved
in the life of the school;
• Have a Parent Night once per month for the parents to just talk with each other
about schools and their children;
• Establish a formal network between schools, community centres and businesses,
and other interested groups in the local community to address youth issues and to
support youth;
• Open the schools to more free or low cost community use for programs aimed at
children and youth;
• Schools and community agencies should create parent support groups with expert
resource people to help parents with coping strategies and proactive strategies;
• Adjust school meeting schedules to accommodate the convenience of parents;
• Organize a Take Your Parent/Caregiver To School Day for students in K-10;
• Make sure the main school office projects an inclusive and African-friendly environment.
BLACK FOCUSED SCHOOLS• The Board should establish a Black focused school because it will lead to improved
school achievement for students who attend, and it will provide a model for other
schools to follow;
• The Board should not establish a Black focused school because it is divisive and it
will create a focus away from improving school achievement of Black students in all
schools.
OTHER• Ensure that the TDSB website or other communication vehicles gives the community
good information about what’s going on and how the Board is addressing Black students’
issues.
• The TDSB should work closely with the Ministry of Social Services, Ministry of Child
and Youth Services, and the Ministry of Housing to address social issues of Black
students which impact Black students in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.